Engagement in physical activity reflects the combination of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors within a given environment and the fit between individual and environmental circumstances. ![]() Based on the social-ecological framework, barriers to physical activity can be classified at individual/intrapersonal (e.g., time, cost), social/interpersonal (e.g., support from family, seeing other people be active), policy (e.g., traffic controls and zoning guidelines), and structural/built environmental (e.g., access to facilities) levels ( Bauman et al., 2012 Sallis et al., 2006). Considering the undeniable benefits of physical activity, adopting a location-specific approach to characterizing barriers to physical activity will aid the development of strategies to address rural-urban health inequities.Īccording to the social-ecological model of behavior, physical activity is shaped by interdependent factors at individual, social, environmental, and policy levels ( Bauman et al., 2012 Sallis et al., 2006). ![]() self-report), and sociodemographic factors such as sex ( Yip et al., 2016 Fan et al., 2014 Forbes et al., 2020 Pelletier, White, et al., 2021). Rural residents tend to be less physically active and more sedentary compared to their urban counterparts ( Martin et al., 2005 Parks et al., 2003), although there is evidence to suggest this trend varies by country, region, measurement approach (i.e., device-based vs. Multiple sociostructural and environmental factors have been associated with rural-urban health inequities ( Marmot et al., 2008 Leipert and George, 2008). To support uptake and promotion of physical activity guidelines, it is necessary to characterize barriers to physical activity behavior, particularly in populations at increased risk of inactivity.Ĭompared to adults living in urban centres, rural residents have a poorer overall health status, higher rates of noncommunicable disease, and reduced life expectancy ( Long et al., 2020 Pong et al., 2009). Consistent inequities in physical activity participation can contribute to widening health inequities ( Eikemo et al., 2014 WHO, 2013). ![]() Regular participation in physical activity has well-established benefits for noncommunicable disease prevention and management, life expectancy, and quality of life ( Clarke & Janssen, 2021 Ekelund et al., 2019 Lee et al., 2012 Marquez et al., 2020).
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